Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Business Plan For A Business - 1885 Words

As a business professional that has just earned their degree, one would want to know if they are equipped with the skills necessary to enter the workforce. After four to five years of taking business and accounting courses, students hope to be equipped with sufficient hard and soft skills. Different institutions offer different courses. As an undergraduate, there are courses available to help prepare the individual. Business Cornerstone will help them search and land a job. Then, there is a course like Business Communications, which will assist a business professional in communicating effectively and efficiently. As an accounting business professional, there are courses like Intermediate Accounting, Cost Accounting, Tax courses, and. Accounting Information Systems that potentially help with hard skills. Being taught and having the actual experience of those skills are two very different things. Hard Skills in Demand The purpose of accounting is to prepare financial statements that c an help guide the managers and users in making decisions for the benefit of the company. There are certain prerequisites that the individual must already know when entering the workplace. One of those fundamentals is Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) understanding. GAAP is a practical term that describes the rules and procedures. They are essential in formulating how accountants will report the finances of the company. To accomplish this, one needs to understand the rules inShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan For A Business1223 Words   |  5 Pagesyour own business is to prepare a business plan. A business plan is a written document describing your business future. It tells potential investors and customers what your goals are for the company and how you plan to achieve that. You will need to define your business, products and services, operating procedures and the route your company intends to take to achieve the goals that are set forth. This information summarizes the sense of your business in a single document. Business plans are inherentlyRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business998 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Prior to initiating a business, it is necessary for the management and the people involved to make sure that a proper business plan is set out in order to understand the needs of the business. In addition to this, it should also be made sure that the market is properly analysed and all the competitors are studied before taking any step related to the new business. Every business has different needs and is initiated in a different scenario. The business plan under evaluation in this paperRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1276 Words   |  6 PagesA business plan is sometimes ignored by some people, but I think it is important to develop a good business plan. I think this should be an interesting topic to discuss about. Yesterday, I receive a phone call from a new client asking for help to build a business plan for his new business. My role in this part as a business consultant is to not blindly do the work for my client but asking them questions to generate information about his i deas, and level of involvement to better help him build hisRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business840 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Business plans are statement of a business goals, reason they are attainable and plans on meeting it’ (FoxBuisness, 2013). A business plan maps the course and gives a detail plan on how these goals are achievable. It is also important to establish a solid business plan for funding. Some small business use venture capital, bank loans, personal funds, and private investors as sources of funding. The business plan must therefore, sell investors. A well-written convincing business plan can buy investorsRead MoreAn Business Plan For A Business Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagescelebration. This business sells games and other entertainment products. This business is commercial, but has a social conscience. It wants to sell to service a need, but also hopes to enrich the lives of those it serves as it addresses a need for meaning, not just connection or celebration. This business produces original IP to compete in the entertainment industry. This business will not produce entertainment that is divisive or for purely solitary consumption. This business might start withRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand-new business, expand an existing company, or get financing for a business venture, you will need to write a business plan. A business plan not only lends your business a sense of credibility, but also helps you to cover all your bases, increasing your chances of success. Although writing a business plan can be a lengthy, intimidating project, it is not necessarily difficult. Here is an overview of how to write a successful business plan. What to Include in Your Business Plan Your businessRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1546 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative or risk†. They are usually characterized as people with greatly valued self-reliance, with high optimism and people who who strive for distinction through excellence. I am interested in starting my own basketball business and becoming an entrepreneur. In order to start a business I need a business plan. From research, I have learned that my business plan needs to have an executive summary, identification of my business, financial recordsRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1221 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness plans are documents used for planning out specific details about your business. They can range in size from a simple few sentences to more than 100 pages with formal sections, a table of contents and a title page. According to Entrepreneur Magazine, typical business plans average 15 to 20 pages. Comprehensive business plans ha ve three sections business concept, marketplace and financial and these are broken down into seven components that include the overview or summary of the plan, a descriptionRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business2550 Words   |  11 PagesActivities 1. Review current menu in terms of business focus 2. Get staff feedback 3. Get customer feedback 4. Point out restaurant goals and business 5. Write menu redesigning proposal 6. Get restaurant owners approval 7. Initiate stake holder support 8. Get stake holders approval and contribution 9. Redesign new menu 10. Trail with restaurant stake holders 11. Modify the trail menu 12. Mass print the modified RESOURCES 1. Restaurant business plan, current menu, current and historical sales reportRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1866 Words   |  8 Pages Business Plan Buiness model in theory and practice according to Wikipedia is used for a broad range of informal and forma l descriptions to represent the core aspects of a business, including the purposes of that business, its process, target customers, of ferings, strategies , infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practice, and operational processes and policies . Below, we would look at two kinds of business model (franchise and tradition al business) , their pros and cons, o r their

The Problem Of The Lgbt Homelessness - 852 Words

Many people think only certain races are homeless but that is not true. Thirty nine percent of Non-Hispanic whites are homeless compared to seventy six of the general population. Forty two percent of African-Americans are homeless compared to eleven percent of the general population. Thirteen percent of Hispanics are homeless compared to nine percent of the general population. Four percent of homeless are Native-American compared to one percent of the general population. Two percent of homeless were Asians (â€Å"facts†). Family rejection of sexual orientation and identity was the most commonly cited factor of the LGBT homelessness. Fifty percent of young people that are homeless says that parents told them to leave or knew they were leaving†¦show more content†¦This study shows that there are all types of races homeless, and over half of the homeless population are LGBT. The children population have a huge impact on homelessness. The homeless population includes many children as well. One fourth of homeless people are children in the homeless families. Childhood homelessness turns into a greater risk of them being homeless as an adult. The HUD’s Point-in-Time report from 2014 says â€Å"thirty four percent of the homeless populations is under twenty four. The Urban Institute estimates nearly one in five youth under the age of eighteen will run away at least once† (â€Å"eleven facts about homeless†). One out of every fifty— or about one million and five hundred thousand— American children are homeless each year based on a 2009 study on family homelessness (â€Å"Facts†). There are about two billion and two hundred million of children in the world. There are one billion children in poverty which is every second child. One hundred and twenty one million of children are out of education worldwide (Snah). One billion children in the world are living in poverty. Twenty two thousand children die each day due to poverty (â€Å"Eleven facts about Global†). This study shows that not only adults are homeless, but so are children. There are actually way too children that are in poverty and homeless. There should not ever be children on the streets. It is quite

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Cold War On American Politics - 947 Words

When one U.S. historian wrote, â€Å"the Cold War was undoubtedly the most significant factor shaping the American experience during the second half of the twentieth century†, they were likely referring to the Cold War’s colossal influence on American economics, military buildup, and social climate. The Cold War’s effect on these three topics resulted in a back and forth between the United States and its citizens, leaving the nation completely different than it had been at the midpoint of the century. In addition, the Cold War’s widespread effects were heightened by the fact that it also happened to span decades, officially ending in nineteen ninety-one. The arms race was a large portion of the Cold War and was characterized by the military build up in both the Soviet Union and in the United States. The United States military placed a tremendous amount of funds into elevating our weapons capabilities. In fact, â€Å"over the entire period 1948-86, real m ilitary purchases cumulated to a total of $6,316 billion, averaging about $162 billion per year ( U.S. Military Spending In The Cold War Era: Opportunity Costs, Foreign Crises, and Domestic Constraints. U.S. Military Spending In The Cold War Era: Opportunity Costs, Foreign Crises, and Domestic Constraints. Web. 3 June 2015.).† The increase in government and militant spending within the United States was done to prepare for the possibility of war with the Soviet Union. Ultimately, many of the manufactured weapons were unnecessaryShow MoreRelatedCold War Influences on American Culture, Politics, and Economics2221 Words   |  9 PagesFollowing World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. America facilitated the recovery of Europe with military and financial aid and helped prevent the spread of communism. This aid crushed the So viet dream of a communist Europe and started the Cold War. Over the next 45 years, the United States and the Soviet Union would resemble two angry womenRead MoreRichard Byrd s The Cold War1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War, spanning almost half a century, was a conflict that accelerated the production of nuclear weapons and forced the United States and the other belligerent, the Soviet Union, to make scientific advances at a rate unseen in any other time in human history. The Cold War Comes to Main Street: America in 1950, written by Lisle A. Rose, thoroughly examines the year 1950 in the United States and the effect that the Cold War had on the American populous. Rose examines communism and the militaryRead MoreChanges That Shaped American Politics in the 70’s and 80’s765 Words   |  4 Pages Changes that Shaped American Politics in the 70’s and 80’s Loraine J Jackson Everest University Abstract For many individuals in the United States, the late 1970s were a troubled and disturbing time. The Watergate scandal, the Vietnam War, ambiguity in the Middle East and the economic crisis in the Nation had weakened the confidence of Americans in their government and in their fellow residents as well. Many Americans supported a new conservatism in social, economic and political life during theRead MoreThe War Of World War II1638 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was the most widespread war in history and it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. This war lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war pinned the Axis nations which were Germany, Italy, Japan versus the Allied nations which were led by Britain and its Commonwealth nation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States. The Allies were victorious in the War. It was one of the most significant periods of time in the 20th century. The war resultedRead MoreThe Cold War On American Cultur e Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a pivotal time in American history. To a greater degree than most other wars, the Cold War affected American society in unfathomable and profound ways. More specifically, American culture transformed immensely during this time. From a constant state of anxiety, to changes in media and the arts, to McCarthyism; the Cold War fervently affected the quality of life, personal expression, and American politics. Predominantly, the Cold War inflicted fear and apprehension within the AmericanRead MoreTo What Extent Were the Moscow Olympic Games of 1980 Affected by Cold War Tensions?1624 Words   |  7 PagesA: Plan of investigation The purpose of this study is to analyze extensively the role that Cold War tensions played in the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. The analysis seeks to understand the effect that politics, have on the organization, implementation and eventually success of sporting events such as the Olympics. In order to do so, the analysis will address the events leading up to, during and after the Moscow Olympic Games of 1980. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 will be addressed toRead MoreHow One Remembers An Event994 Words   |  4 Pagesexception to this theory, but a prime example of it. The Sochi games come, at least in this author’s mind as a dud. Yes, women were for the first time allowed to participate in the ski jump, and other athletes fulfilled their Olympic dream, but the Cold War â€Å"magic† was not there. The Western and Russian Media played their share, the United States and Russia are currently opposed in several significant international conflicts, but we did not witness a Miracle on Ice, or any geopolitical sparks in theRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Approaches1424 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutions. Realism and idealism provides an explanation to how U.S. foreign policy has developed since World War Two (WWII), identifies which influential factors play a role in both foreign policy approaches, and determines which view has best served the pursuit of national interests. The realist and idealist approaches are important in explaining the swinging pendulum path American foreign policy took since WWII. Over the past seventy years, U.S. foreign policy switches between these twoRead MoreRealism Is The Most Convincing Paradigm For International Relations? Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe end of the cold war in 1947, proved the perfect hostile environment to fit the largely pessimistic view of world politics. While many aspects of realism are still alive in International Relations today; including the dominant presence of states, intrinsic of war and the decentralised government. However, realism only reaches so far in explaining and creating a structure for international relations. Whilst the strengths of the theory lie in its pragmatic approach to power politics and conflict.Read MoreOrigins of the Cold War Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesOrigins of the Cold War Revisionist historians tend to regard the outbreak of the Cold War as a result of American hostility or, at least , diplomatic incompetence, while the more traditional view lays the responsibility squarely at the feet of the Soviet Union. Assess the validity of each view. The Cold War,said to have lasted from the end of World War II to the dismantling of the Soviet Union in 1991, was one of the most significant political events of the 20th century. For nearly

A Brief Note On The Main Cause Of Crime - 2005 Words

Brandon Lawler CCJ 3014-003 Professor Seth Fallik May 2nd, 2016 Final Paper What Causes Crime? The main cause of crime is complex. Most people today believe that poverty, parental neglect, low self-esteem, alcohol and drug abuse are all associated on what causes people to commit crimes, but that would be too easy. Crime is committed for a multitude of reasons so only having one theory or reason would simply be insufficient. Crime can be conceived due to four different factors on an individual: Developmental, Psychological, Sociological, and Economic factors. Developmental life-course factors focuses on human development and how that persons own and social factors interact in different ways and at different development stages to influence individual opportunity for criminal behavior. Psychological factors are often learned through experiences and who the individual associates with. Control and primary groups are huge impacts on how psychological factors are developed and acquired through an individuals life. Most sociological ideas stress the relationships of social structures and social conditions, while the economic factor is mainly concerned on how comitting a criminal offense is influenced by incentives of the crimes. Psychology displays a number of different perspectives on the causes of crime. The two dominant theories are psycho- dynamic and behavioral theory. Psycho dynamic theory suggest that an individuals personality is controlled by unconscious mentalShow MoreRelatedFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requires police and citizens to join together asRe ad MoreImaginary Crime Scene Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesImaginary Crime Scene/Mass Disaster Lawanda Holloman Kaplan University Crime Scene Investigation II CJ370 In this paper, I am going to describe each specialized personnel that will be needed at the scene of a crime or mass disaster. I will inform you of what duties each of these specialized individuals will possess. You will be able to know and understand each of these responsibilities. At midnight on January 1 a call comes in of multiple gunshots fired at 123 ABC Blvd. Officer Black respondsRead MoreThe Rules of Evidence Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan in 1942; whereas state courts follow their own set of rules. State rules are imposed by a group of diverse state legislatures. The FRE is the most significant body of American evidence law. The majority of evidential laws are encompassed into 68 brief but complex sections. The FRE is considered to be an extremely significant factor in the development of the U.S. evidence laws. Before 1975, U.S. evidence laws were based on the common law practice. The FRE was drafted in 1942 and proposed by a committeeRead MoreA Common Fairy Tale Motif, By Hansel And Gretel, Snow White, And The Almond Tree1008 Words   |  5 PagesA common fairy tale motif is that of the evil stepmother, in such tales as Aschenputtel, Hansel and Gretel, Snow White, and The Almond Tree. Such a character whose main purpose is to oppose the hero/ heroine at all costs, the polar opposite of our main character. This polarization is essential for us to understand the goodness of the hero, to want them to succeed, and to see how good triumphs over evil. The most thought of evil-stepmother is that of the Queen in Snow White. The Queen is introducedRead MoreThe Skills And Attributes Of An Interviewer Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagescan be useful because it mentally brings the interviewee back to previous events, so that the current interview can be put into context and surrounded by pre-existing memories (Holmgren, 2017, p. 114). Minimizing is a skill used to suggest that the crimes a suspect or offender committed are understandable and not as bad as they may think (Holmgren, 2017, p. 133). The interviewers in Bernardo’s case successfully use this technique with Bernardo by thanking him for providing them with satisfactory informationRead MoreSummary Of The By Victor Rios1420 Words   |  6 PagesCarolina Prieto Dr.VanNatta October 16, 2015 Punished Reflection Victor Rios starts of the book by giving a brief background of his own life and what he experienced as a child in the ghettos of Oakland, California and the events that caused him to turn from his old way of life. During the span of Victor Rios’ juvenile years he decide to join and become a gang member Rios states â€Å"I joined the gang seeking protection that I thought police and other authority figures in the community had failed toRead MoreFreakonomics and Misconceptions of Economy Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmean that one causes the other†, due to their entire novel being based on correlation. Freakonomics’ explicit exploration of the hidden side of everything captivate economist with unmentioned inferences backed up with reasoned correlation, linking compelling topics to shatter misconceptions about controversial stories, ending with a brief consensus of economic pattern limitations. Dubner Levitt were prompted by the riddles of everyday life to write their novel. Curiosity was the main fuel thatRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship Justified? Ever wondered the reason behind racial discrimination, sexual discrimination, children committing crime or violence? The main reason is that censorship is not properly imposed or there is a need of censorship in the society. Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that certain people, individual, groups or government officials find it objectionable, offensive or dangerous on others. There are varieties of other definitions but all have in common the conceptRead MoreA New Up And Coming Uk Government1674 Words   |  7 PagesAs a new up and coming UK government, our main aim is to address the current economic situation the country is faced with, the serious debt problems, the rise in unemployment and the lengthy period of recession. To do this the brief will explain the proposed economic objectives and policies, furthermore, it will address the problems of unemployment and the effects of both inflation and international trade on the economy and business organisations. The UK economy has been going through some unsettlingRead MoreAnalysis Of Nagito Naego : The Threats Of Women1195 Words   |  5 PagesIt is also important to note that both people that Junko sees as the greatest threats to her plans are male. Junko notes to Makuro that the only person smart enough, stupid enough, and lucky enough to figure out her plans and then work to oppose her is Nagito Komeada, a man that she cannot manipulate with her intellect or charm with her outward appearance. Additionally, later on Junko notes that she is only going to let Makoto Naegi live, due to the fact that the greatest despair in her life would

Financial Management Analysis Premier Food Plc

Question: Discuss about the Financial Management Analysis of the food producing companies of United Kingdom, Premier Food Plc? Answer: Introduction Financial management analysis plays a key role for every modern business organizations. There are various roles and aspects of the criteria of financial business management that can be utilized by all the modern business organizations. With the help of financial management analysis, the organizations can manage its financial resources.This assignment will discuss about the one of the food producing companies of United Kingdom, Premier Food Plc. The organization is listed on London stock exchange and was found in the year 1975. The organization is a geared company as its total amount of debt is higher than its total number of equity. This is mainly because, the total amount of debt of the organization is much higher than the total amount of equity. 1. Sources of finance available to the organization The organization Premier Foods Plc is a geared organization. Due to this reason, it is important for the given organization to find effective sources of finance to manage their working capital requirements effectively. Various sources of finance are available to the modern business organizations. It can be classified as equity and debt. Equity can be considered as a long term of source of finance and on the other hand, debt can be considered as short-term sources of financing. In case of equity source of finance, there are various forms of classifications. These classifications are in the form of venture capitalists, home loans, reserves and surplus, existing capital, funds from public and personal sources of income (Labbi, 2005) Venture capitalists/Merchant bankers- The organization Premier Food Plc can raise capital through the help of venture capitalists and merchant banks to raise capital. Generally, these types of financial institutions provide capital to those institutions that have a degree of competitive advantage associated with them. Therefore, the organization Premier Food Plc can opt for venture capitalists or merchant bankers to raise financial funds (Marsh, 2012). Reserves and surplus- The organization can opt for raising capital from their own financial sources. The organization Premier Food Plc has a certain amount of reserves and surplus with them. They can utilize the amount of that money for their future cash generations. The organization can also opt for right issue of shares to their respective shareholders. In addition to this, the organization can also opt for dividend yield polices to their shareholders. Investments from public via new issue of shares- Since, the organization are listed on London Stock Exchange, it can be deduced that they can sell some portion of their shares and can subsequently get money from them. This is the biggest advantage of an organization listed on secondary exchange. The organization can also opt for further public offerings (FPO) from secondary market (Vogel, 2011) Personal sources of income- The organization Premier Foods Plc can also take sources of funds from their personal sources like drawings and others. This given sources of income can be of both short term and long term sources of income. The organization Premier Foods Plc can also opt for debt sources of financing for their respective sources of income. There are various types of debt sources of financing. These are in the form of:- Loan from financial institutions- The organization can opt long term and short-term loans from financial institutions like banks. Such form of loans can be of both short term and long-term sources. Such form of loans from financial institutions will help the organization to carry out their working capital activities efficiently. However, the organization has to pay a certain rate of interest to the respective banks. The level of interest will vary in accordance to the period of loan (Cvijanovi, 2014). Treasury bills- Premier Food Plc can also opt for government treasury bills for their respective source of funds. In addition to this, any form of treasury bills is less risky and it would be highly beneficial for the respective organization. Commercial bills- The organization can also select short-term money market instruments like commercial bills to investigate source of funds for short-term purpose. This will be of great essence for the organization to meet their short term and long term sources of funds. Lease and mortgages- Financial lease and asset-backed mortgages can be another option for the respective organization to evaluate the different sources of their funds. The organization can take financial leases or they can also opt for mortgages for their respective assets. Government Bonds- Government bonds can be also another option Premier Food Plc for the respective sources of funds. This can be considered as effective source of funds for the food manufacturing organization (Haslem, 2010). These are the different sources of finance that is available for the given business organization Premier Foods Plc. 2. Considerations undertaken by the management for choosing different sources of finance There are more than a few considerations that can be taken into account by the management of Premier Foods Plc for choosing different sources of finance. One of the major factors that can be taken into account by the management of Premier Foods Plc is regarding the structure of their capital. The ratio of debt and equity for the respective organization is the most important factor that will decide whether the management will opt for equity form of sources of finance and debt form of sources of finance. From the financial reports of the organization, it has been seen that the organization has a higher amount of equity and lower of debt. Due to this reason, the management of Premiers Food Plc can easily opt for different forms of debt sources of financing. However, such debt of source of financing may be only short term in nature. It may be inferred that the management of the organization may evaluate the pros and cons for the different types of sources of funds effectively. The respec tive management of the organization Premier Foods Plc can evaluate multiple numbers of implications of the given sources of finance. The overall impact of the sources of finance on the business structure can also be taken into consideration by the respective management of Premier Foods Plc. Another important factor that the management considers is regarding the forms of business risks associated with the sources of funds. The different forms of debt source of finance have a higher amount of risks associated with it. Due to this reason, the organization evaluated the different types of interest and loan structure associated with the debt sources of finance. In addition to this, a geared organization like Premier Foods Plc requires a minimal level of cost of capital structure. With effect to this, the management of the organization will incur of sources of capital in an equal amount of debt or equity. The organization may also choose multiple money market instruments like treasury bil ls, corporate bonds and others in order to improve or lower down their cost of capital. This is mainly because, debt source of finance is far cheaper than equity source of funds. The organization Premier Foods Plc requires source of funds to expand their business activities and to meet their working capital requirements (Ardalan, 2000). Another type of consideration implemented by the management of Premier Food Plc is regarding the total amount of capital required by the organization. The organization is a growing organization; therefore, it will need lot of sources of funds for their respective operational activities. If it is seen that the organization requires short-term sources of finance to meet up with their short-term debts, then the organization can opt for short-term loans, corporate bonds to raise finance effectively. In addition to this, the organization may also consider the rate of interest regarding short-term loans of finance from different financial institution. The rate of interest can affect the structure of the organization. The total amount of reserves and surplus of Premier Foods is on the lower side; therefore, the management cannot raise capital from their respective reserve and surplus account. In addition to this, the organization can consider the repayment terms of equity like venture capit alists or merchant bankers. Due to this reason, the management of Premiers Food Plc issue shares in the secondary exchange to raise funds from public. In addition to this, they also opt for treasury bills as short-term sources of finance. The management of Premier Foods Plc also selects asset backed loan mortgages to raise capital. However, the organization is having a lower amount of equity. Therefore, it is important for the organization to balance their capital structure by finding appropriate sources of equity capital( Baker and Wurgler, 2013). Since the organization is a geared organization, therefore, the management of the organization may implement an optimal level of capital structure to minimize their weighted cost of capital for their potential investors. This can only be done with effective allocation of sources of funds to minimize their total amount and rate of cost of equity and cost of debt effectively. 3. Calculation and evaluation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital for the organization For every modern business organizations, it is of great essence to calculate the cost of capital to evaluate the appropriate structure of the organization. The capital structure of any business organization forms the core for every business organizations to give the operational activities an effective direction. All of forms long-term sources of equity, that is, equity share, preference share, government bills, bonds, long and short-term debt are included in the calculation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital. The formula is as follows:- In case of the given organization, Premier Foods Plc, the given cost of debt is as follows, Further, cost of equity can be calculated as- The current risk free rate of the organization Premier Foods Plc is 2.3 in accordance to the average Treasury bill rate. As per the London Stock Exchange, the market premium of the organization is 7.5percent. Therefore, cost of equity of the organization is 2.3+10*7.5 = 9.7 percent. The total amount of cost of debt can be calculated as total amount of interest expenses/ Total book value of debt = 81/1622 = 5.04 percent. Therefore, the expected Weighted cost of capital of the organization is =0.2*9.7%+2.762*5.04(1-0.3) = 9.72 percent. The Weighted cost of capital of the organization Premier Foods Plc cannot be considered as optimal level for their respective investors. The practical implication and calculation of weighted cost of capital is of extreme difficult in nature. The given elements and variables of calculation of weighted average cost of capital are equity and debt. It is a challenging task to calculate and interpret the total value of cost of equity and cost of debt for the respective business organization Premier Foods Plc. In most cases, several number of proxy values are used to calculate the respective cost of equity and cost of debt for any business organization. Apart from this, to measure cost of equity, different managements use different approaches. Some may use capital asset pricing method (CAPM), some may use dividend growth model and other may use both of them. All the given models are based on several interpretations of the secondary markets. Therefore, both the given models can give different forms of results. There can be a contradictory nature between the calculation of risk premium and expected return from the market. In addition to this, there is a great difficulty in the assumption of market premium in the calculation of c ost of debt for any organization like Premier Foods Plc. In addition to this, a business organization calculates weighted cost of capital based on expected market returns of the market rather than historical returns of the market. In addition to this, the total rate of risk premium reflects the current rate of treasury bills in the secondary market. Due to this reason, many financial analysts predict the rate of risk free rate that is prevailing in the current market scenario. On the other hand, in case of the organization Premier Foods Plc, it has been seen that, the capital structure of the organization is of extreme complex in nature. In case of calculation of weighted cost of capital of Premier Foods Plc, there were potential problems to find the required rates of risk free rate and expected market return of the organization. Apart from this, the calculation of beta is also assumed of the given organization. The management of the organization also assumed the existing rate of ma rket premium of the given organization. Due to the complex capital structure of the organization Premier Foods Plc, the calculation of weighted average cost method is not that much effective for the respective organization. Another difficulty that the organization Premier Foods Plc faced is regarding allocation of cost of equity and cost of debt effectively. This is the major reason why, the structure of capital is not that much simple. However, the rate of weighted cost of capital is not optimum in comparison with its current competitors in the present business scenario( Correia, 2011) Conclusion and recommendations of the capital structure of the organization The capital structure of the organization Premier Foods Plc has a higher amount of debt in comparison with its respective equity. This is mainly because; the management of the organization depend upon debt source of funds rather than equity source of funds. In addition to this, the total amount of equity and capital reserve of the firm is extremely low; therefore, the firm may require incurring more amount of equity source of finance effectively. The capital structure of the organization is exposed to higher amount of financial risk. The total amount of debt is almost 2-3 times higher than the required equity of the organization. Due to this reason, the organization needs to incorporate an effective structure of equity and debt within their capital structure. In addition to this, the organization incurs sources of funds mainly from debt sources of finance. For this reason, the debt portion of the organization consists of both short-term debts and long-term debts effectively. In addit ion to this, the share premium amount of the organization is also on the higher side and this is the reason why, the financial risk of Premier Foods Plc is higher. Apart from this, total assets to capital ratio are on the higher side. For this, it infers that the organization is not utilizing their total assets in their respective capital structure. In addition to this, the cost of interest is on the lower side, which further infers that the organization is utilizing its debt in cheapest manner. Due to this reason, different forms of recommendations are required to be given to the given organization Premier Foods Plc in order to improve their weighted average cost of capital. Recommendations There are several recommendations that can be given to the respective organization Premier Foods Plc m order to improve their capital structure. This can also be done with the help of minimization of weighted average cost of capital. The organization needs to minimize their total amount of debt or improve their total amount of debt-equity ratio. This can only be done through effective analysis and evaluation of selected sources of finance. The organization needs to incur more amounts of equity sources of finance to make their capital structure more appropriate. In addition to this, the organization may minimize their systematic risk effectively. This will further minimize the required beta for the organization and can have a considerable effect on the cost of equity of the respected organization. In addition to this, the organization can also lower total cost of equity and total cost of debt to improve their capital structure. However, since debt is the cheapest source of finance, th e weighted average cost of capital of the organization is lower. Although, it is observed that the organization can also opt for effective for more short-term sources of finance to meet up with their working capital requirements. Another recommendation that can be given to the organization is that the organization needs to incur debt-equity ratio in the form of 70-30 rule. Due to this reason, it is important for the respective organization to incur more form of equity from selling shares to public. With the help of this, the organization can improve their capital structure in an optimum manner. In addition to this, the organization Premier Foods Plc can also opt for government bonds and treasury bills to incur different sources of finance in an effective manner. These are the different recommendations that can be given to the organization Premier Foods Plc about their capital structure. References Ardalan, A. (2000). Economic financial analysis for engineering project management. Lancaster, Penn.: Technomic Pub. Co. Baker, M. and Wurgler, J. (2013). Do strict capital requirements raise the cost of capital?. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Bellalah, M. (2010). Derivatives, risk management value. Singapore: World Scientific. BERTOMEU, J. (2013). Discussion of Earnings Manipulation and the Cost of Capital. Journal of Accounting Research, p.n/a-n/a. Connor, G., Goldberg, L. and Korajczyk, R. (2010). Portfolio risk analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Correia, C. (2011). Financial management. Lansdowne: Juta. Cvijanovi, D. (2014). Real Estate Prices and Firm Capital Structure. Review of Financial Studies, 27(9), pp.2690-2735. Duman, E. and Atiya, A. (2011). Use of risk analysis in computer-aided persuasion. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Fabozzi, F. and Markowitz, H. (2011). The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Gapenski, L. (1999). Healthcare finance. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press. HANN, R., OGNEVA, M. and OZBAS, O. (2013). Corporate Diversification and the Cost of Capital. The Journal of Finance, 68(5), pp.1961-1999. Haslem, J. (2010). Mutual funds. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Higgins, R. (2012). Analysis for financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Jurek, J. and Stafford, E. (2013). The cost of capital for alternative investments. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Labbi, A. (2005). Handbook of integrated risk management for e-business. Boca Raton, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Lovemore, F. and Brummer, L. (2003). The ABC of financial management. Pretoria: Van Schaik. Marsh, C. (2012). Financial management for non-financial managers. London: Kogan Page. Nee, A., Song, B. and Ong, S. (2013). Re-engineering manufacturing for sustainability. Singapore: Springer. ner, M. (2014). The Impact of Firm Specific Factors on Capital Structure:. International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting, 1(2), pp.1-21. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009). Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Robertson, L. and Laurens, A. (2009). Financial Management. Burlington: Elsevier. Vogel, H. (2011). Entertainment industry economics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Wahba, H. (2013). Capital structure, managerial ownership and firm performance: evidence from Egypt. J Manag Gov, 18(4), pp.1041-1061. Weaver, S. (2012). The essentials of financial analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill. Zhang, C. and Zhang, G. (2014). Managerial Power, Capital Structure and Firm Value. JSS, 02(12), pp.138-142.

Literacy Essay Example For Students

Literacy Essay On the topic of literacy I was stumped as too how to start this essay. I sat in front of my computer and stared blankly into the screen as I thought what would be a good point that I could run off with. Then as I was trying to begin the assignment I felt the sudden urge to go downstairs and smoke a cigarette thinking the nicotine would stimulate my creativity. When arriving downstairs at about quarter after twelve at night, I happened to run into the 2 male resident advisors John Paul and Pudge. They said to stay their cause they were waking everyone up for a mandatory meeting. After everyone came down for this mandatory meeting and things got situated our resident director began to discuss some of the issues bothering him. One of these issues was the use of candles in the rooms. Notice how I say use of candles. According to the rule book despite their admitted attractiveness, these items are forbidden to be used do to their high fire potential. So, our resident directors interpretat ion of the rule meant no candles and that plenty of people will be fined. The old interpretation of the rule was that they were allowed, just not if the wick on them were burnt, cause then they wouldnt be used. This got me to thinking. Here we have two different interpretations of these rules. I guess you could say this happened because of these two peoples different opinions. Your opinions are influenced by your literacy. So, with that in mind, I present to you my autobiography on my literacy. Natural to talk about literacy you must discuss the subject of words. If talking about words, its always nice to know what a persons first words were. My first word was no.I said this while my mother was grocery shopping and she was going to pick out a can of green beans. I guess even then I had good taste. From there we go to the many standardized tests I have had to partake in during my elementary and junior high school public school years. In the majority of these reading tests I scored a 99 percentile (my string was broken when I received a 97 my 7th grade year.) This brought me all sorts of opportunities. I was one of the few chosen in my school to take the test for Hunter High School. Hunter High School is a very prestigious school in the New York area, rated about as high as Styversant, Bronx Science, and Brooklyn Tech. These schools also required tests. In order to get into these schools you had to score at least a 440 on the test they gave you. I scored somewhere around the 390s. Another test had to be taken for me to get into a private high school. I passed this test and I was off on my way to high school. In my high school I was forced to read many books in which I had to interest in. Of course it wasnt a complete waste of time because I actually read two books that interested me. These books were Fahrenheit 451 and Walden. I became very fond of the latter. From here, this stifled my thinking. I think these two books are what got me started in the path of thinking I take now. I now look at things from more of a spectators view, but at the same time analyze every situation I undertake to be sure that I can adjust to all angles thrown at me. From high school led to college and from college led to this rhetoric class. As you can see, this is a brief history of my literacy. In order to fit all the details I would have to write a book and include every book and every tid-bit of information I had learned in that book. That would take extremely too long and after having a long night, I feel this is a more than adequate way of describing the history of my literacy. .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .postImageUrl , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:visited , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:active { border:0!important; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:active , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on America Needs Obamacare EssayWords/ Pages : 711 / 24